Logoff or Shutdown Linux

Typing logout at the command prompt exits your current user account and returns you to the log-in prompt. (The exit command does the same thing as logout.) To log out from multiple consoles, use alt-Fn to switch between consoles and then log out from each one. But note that even if you log out from all of your active consoles,… Read More »

How Virtual LANs (VLANS) Work

A VLAN is a grouping of computers that is logically segmented by functions, project teams, or applications without regard to the physical location of users. For example, several end stations might be grouped as a department, such as Engineering or Accounting, having the same attributes as a LAN even though they are not all on the same physical… Read More »

ISDN BRI Concepts

ISDN refers to a collection of standards that define a digital architecture that provides an integrated voice/data capability to a location, utilizing the public switched network and includes benefits such as the ability to carry a variety of user-traffic feeds, faster call setup, and faster data transfer rate.

Dial-on-Demand Routing

Dial-on-Demand routing refers to a collection of Cisco features that allows two or more Cisco routers to establish a dynamic connection over simple dialup facilities on an as-needed basis and is used for low-volume, periodic network connections over an ISDN network or Public Switched Telephone Network.

Layer 2 Encapsulation Protocols

High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) – HDLC is the default encapsulation type on point-to-point, dedicated links, and circuit-switched connections. It is used typically when communicating between two Cisco devices. It is a bit-oriented synchronous data link layer protocol.

Frame Relay Concepts

Frame Relay is a connection-oriented data-link technology that defines single-link virtual circuit multiplexing by assigning connection identifiers.