This handy little script will give you a list of recently installed security updates via the Win32_QuickFixEngeering WMI class (watch out for line wrap!).
Get-WmiObject -class Win32_QuickFixEngineering | where { ($_.Description -match 'Security') } | select -property Description, HotFixID, InstalledOn | Format-Table -AutoSize
Running this one-liner will give you output similar to the following, as long as you have been patching regularly. You have been patching, right? RIGHT?!
Description HotFixID InstalledOn
----------- -------- -----------
Security Update KB5012170 8/10/2022 12:00:00 AM
Security Update KB5017308 9/14/2022 12:00:00 AM
Security Update KB5011352 2/8/2022 12:00:00 AM
Security Update KB5014032 5/11/2022 12:00:00 AM